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31.
Marta Bassitta Joana M. Buades Ana Pérez-Cembranos Valentín Pérez-Mellado Barbara Terrasa Richard P. Brown Pilar Navarro Javier Lluch Jesús Ortega Jose A. Castro Antònia Picornell Cori Ramon 《Zoologica scripta》2020,49(6):668-683
The phylogenetic relationships among the wall lizards of the Podarcis hispanicus complex that inhabit the south-east (SE) of the Iberian Peninsula and other lineages of the complex remain unclear. In this study, four mitochondrial and two nuclear markers were used to study genetic relationships within this complex. The phylogenetic analyses based on mtDNA gene trees constructed with ML and BI, and a species tree using *BEAST support three divergent clades in this region: the Valencia, Galera and Albacete/Murcia lineages. These three lineages were also corroborated in species delimitation analyses based on mtDNA using bPTP, mPTP, GMYC, ABGD and BAPS. Bayesian inference species delimitation method (BPP) based on both nuclear data and a combined data set (mtDNA + nuclear) showed high posterior probabilities for these three SE lineages (≥0.94) and another Bayesian analysis (STACEY) based on combined data set recovered the same three groups in this region. Divergence time dating of the species tree provided an estimated divergence of the Galera lineage from the other SE group (Podarcis vaucheri, (Albacete/Murcia, Valencia)) at 12.48 Ma. During this period, the Betic–Rifian arc was isolated, which could have caused the isolation of the Galera form distributed to the south of the Betic Corridor. Although lizards from the Albacete/Murcia and Galera lineage are morphologically similar, they clearly represent distinct genetic lineages. The noteworthy separation of the Galera lineage enables us to conclude that this lineage must be considered as a new full species. 相似文献
32.
B. Turcq C. Deleu M. Denayrolles J. Bégueret 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1991,228(1-2):265-269
Summary Vegetative incompatibility is a lethal reaction that destroys the heterokaryotic cells formed by the fusion of hyphae of non-isogenic strains in many fungi. That incompatibility is genetically determined is well known but the function of the genes triggering this rapid cell death is not. The two allelic incompatibility genes, s and S, of the fungus Podospora anserina were characterized. Both encode 30 kDa polypeptides, which differ by 14 amino acids between the two genes. These two proteins are responsible for the incompatibility reaction that results when cells containing s and S genes fuse. Inactivation of the s or S gene by disruption suppresses incompatibility but does not affect the growth or the sexual cycle of the mutant strains. This suggests that these incompatibility genes have no essential function in the life cycle of the fungus. 相似文献
33.
Gerald H. Jacobs 《International journal of primatology》2007,28(4):729-759
The visual worlds of most primates are rich with potential color signals, and many representatives of the order have evolved
the biological mechanisms that allow them to exploit these sources of information. Unlike the catarrhines, platyrrhines typically
have sex-linked polymorphic color vision that provides individuals with any of several distinct types of color vision, including
both trichromatic and dichromatic variants. In recent years, this polymorphism has been the target of an expanding range of
research efforts. As a result, researchers now reasonably understand the proximate biology underlying the polymorphisms, and
a number of ideas have emerged as to their evolution. Progress has also been made in illuminating how color vision capacities
may be related to the particular visual tasks that New World monkeys face. 相似文献
34.
Guanyl nucleotides affected the binding of radiolabeled cholecystokinin (CCK) octapeptide to rodent cortical binding sites. Micromolar quantities of a stable GTP analogue, guanylyl-imidodiphosphate (GppNp), resulted in a plateau where binding was decreased by 30%. In the presence of 25 microM GppNp, binding analysis revealed a decrease in affinity (increase in KD), without an apparent effect on the maximal number of binding sites. Ki values for CCK-related peptides shifted up to 1.6-fold. The rate of peptide association decreased by threefold, and the rapid component of peptide dissociation increased. The collective data suggest that a class of central CCK binding sites is linked to nucleotide regulatory proteins. The evidence is discussed with regard to multiple receptor populations and to possible interconversions between receptor types. 相似文献
35.
Carmen Coronado Manuel Megias Francisco Ruiz-Berraquero Antonio J. Palomares 《FEMS microbiology letters》1989,59(3):289-296
Abstract DNA fragments representatives of ndv A and ndv B have been used as probes against genomic DNAs from different Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium species. ndv A and ndv B homologues were found in all species, indicating extensive conservation of these genes. All Rhizobium species show chromosomal localization of ndv A and ndv B homologues. 相似文献
36.
Marian R. Goldsmith 《Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000)》1989,10(1):16-23
We have standardized the map of chorion structural gene clusters in Bombyx mori strain C108 by analyzing quantitative and qualitative chorion electrophoretic markers in recombinant progeny from four independent crosses. In all we assigned 22 markers to three gene clusters, representing about one-third of the total number of chorion genes: 2 to Ch 1, 9 to Ch 2, and 8 to Ch 3. Three additional markers belong either to Ch 7 or Ch 2. By referring to published chorion protein synthesis patterns, we show that the clusters are restricted in their developmental specificities: Ch 3 appears to be an early locus, carrying all of the mapped early markers (4) and half of the early middles (3/6), while Ch 1 and Ch 2 carry predominantly middle (4/5) and all late, Hc (6) markers, along with some early middle markers (3). We cite evidence to show that Ch 1 and Ch 2 compose the left and right halves of a single gene cluster, which we formally designate as Ch 1–2. 相似文献
37.
Marion S. R?der Mark E. Sorrells Steven D. Tanksley 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1992,232(2):215-220
Summary The long-range structure of 5S rRNA gene clusters has been investigated in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by means of pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Using aneuploid stocks, 5S rRNA gene clusters were assigned to sites on chromosomes 1B, 1D, 513 and 5D. Cluster sizes were evaluated and the copy number of 5S DNA repeats was estimated at 4700-5200 copies for the short repeating unit (410 bp) and about 3100 copies for the long repeat (500 bp) per haploid genome. A comparison of wheat cultivars revealed extremely high levels of polymorphism in the 5S rRNA gene clusters. With one restriction enzyme digest all varieties tested gave unique banding patterns and, on a per fragment basis, 21-fold more polymorphism was detected among cultivars for 5S DNA compared to standard restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) detected with single copy clones. Experiments with aneuploid stocks suggest that the 5S rRNA gene clusters at several chromosomal sites contribute to this polymorphism. A number of previous reports have shown that wheat cultivars are not easily distinguished by isozymes or RFLPs. The high level of variation detected in 5S rRNA gene clusters therefore offers the possibility of a sensitive fingerprinting method for wheat. 5S DNA and other macro-satellite sequences may also serve as hypervariable Mendelian markers for genetic and breeding experiments in wheat. 相似文献
38.
Gerhard Pils 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》1985,149(1-2):19-45
The differences betweenFestuca vivipara (tetraploid) andF. ovina subsp.supina (diploid), two often confused taxa, are demonstrated in regard to morphology, leaf anatomy, ecology and distribution. New maps illustrate the distribution ofF. vivipara in the Alps and the Northern Hemisphere. The development of different polyploidy levels withinF. vivipara as a consequence of occasional sexual processes is discussed. (English Summary on p. 39.) 相似文献
39.
Genetic analysis of a proposed cis-acting temporal locus ( Adh-3t ), which regulates alcohol dehydrogenase C2 (ADH-C2 ) acitivity in mouse epididymis extracts, among F1 (ddN × BALB/c) × ddN male backcross progeny provided evidence for genetic distinctness between the structural ( Adh-3 ) and temporal ( Adh-3t ) loci on chromosome 3. Genetic analysis also confirmed the close, linkage of Adh-1 (encoding liver and kidney ADH-A2 ) and Adh-3 (encoding stomach ADH-C2 ) to within 0.3 centimorgans on the mouse genome. Evidence is presented for a proposed closely linked cis-acting temporal locus (designated Adh-1t ) for the A2 isozyme (encoded by Adh-1 ) controlling the activity of this enzyme in mouse kidney extracts, but having no apparent affect on liver and intestine ADH-A2 activities. An extensive survey of the distribution of Adh-1, Adh-3 and Adh-3t alleles among 65 strains of mice is reported — with the exception of two Japanese strains (ddN and KF), linkage disequilibrium between Adh-3 and Adh-3t was observed. Sex differences in mouse liver and kidney ADH-A2 activities were observed, with male/female ratios of approximately 0.6 and 3 respectively for these tissue extracts. 相似文献
40.